What Are the Gas Laws?

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</div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof lycos_ad !== "undefined" && "slider" in lycos_ad) { document.write(lycos_ad['slider']); } </script>  <div id="FooterAd" style="background:#DFDCCF; border-top:1px solid #393939; clear:both; display:none; width:100%!important; position:relative; z-index:999999!important; height:90px!important"> <div class="adCenterClass" style="display:block!important; overflow:hidden; width:916px;"> <div id="footerAd_container" style="display:block!important; float:left; width:728px"> <iframe id="lycosFooterAdiFrame" style="border:0; display:block; float:left; height:96px; overflow:hidden; padding:0; width:750px"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=140 BGCOLOR="#9966CC" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04100a20ezthtv.gif"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Combined Gas Law"><U><B>home</b></U></A><B>     |     </b><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#330066" FACE="Arial" ><B>The Combined Gas Law</b></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="History of the Gas Laws"><U>History of the Gas Laws</U></A>   |   <B>What Are the Gas Laws?</b>   |   <A HREF="id19.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Combined Gas Law: An InDepth Look"><U>The Combined Gas Law: An In-Depth Look</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id20.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Everyday Applications of the Gas Laws"><U>Everyday Applications of the  Gas Laws</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id21.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Simulator"><U>Simulator</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Problem Generator"><U>Problem Generator</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id23.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Links and Resources"><U>Links and Resources</U></A></div> <div> <B>What Are the Gas Laws?</b></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#CCFF66" TEXT="#080000"> <div>   (click to enlarge)</div> <div> <A HREF="id25.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Illustrations"><U><IMG SRC="079ba670.gif" border=0 width="186" height="103" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div>  </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="07e8d700.gif" border=0 width="141" height="112" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </td> <td valign="top" height=340 BGCOLOR="#CCFF66" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <bR> <div> The gas laws define the behavior of an ideal gas, typically through mathematical equations.  The laws examine the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and amount of gas.  </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Boyle's Law:  Pressure-Volume</U></b></div> <bR> <div> Boyle discovered that while temperature and quantity were held constant during two observations of different conditions of one gas, pressure and volume were inversely proportional.  This means that when pressure increases, volume decreases, and vice versa.  The equation that explains this concept is as follows: </div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><B>P</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>1</b></FONT><B> V</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>1</b></FONT><B> = P</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT><B> V</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT></div> <div> Given  three of the variables from the equation, you can calculate the fourth variable by rearranging the equation.  For example,  suppose that from one observation of a gas sample you know the pressure and volume.  From a second observation you know only the volume.  To calculate the second pressure value, multiply the first pressure and volume values, then divide by the second volume value.  </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Charles' Law:  Volume-Temperature</U></b></div> <bR> <div> Charles discovered that while quantity and pressure are held constant, volume varies directly with the temperature.  The equation that explains this is as follows:</div> <div> <B><U>V</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>1</U></b></FONT><B> = </b><B><U>V</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>2</U></b></FONT></div> <div> <B>T</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>1</b></FONT><B>     T</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Gay-Lussac:  Pressure-Temperature</U></b></div> <bR> <div> Gay-Lussac discovered that while volume and quantity are held constant, pressure and temperature are directly proportional.  This law is expressed as follows:</div> <div> <B><U>P</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>1</U></b></FONT><B> = </b><B><U>P</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>2</U></b></FONT></div> <div> <B>T</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>1</b></FONT><B>    T</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>The Combined Gas Law</U></b></div> <bR> <div> The combined gas law is derived from the three previously mentioned laws.  It relates pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas when quantity is held constant.  The law is expressed by the following equation:</div> <div> <B><U>P</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>1</U></b></FONT><B><U> V</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>1</U></b></FONT><B> </b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>=</b></FONT><B> </b><B><U>T</U></b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>1</U></b></FONT></div> <div> <B>P</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT><B> V</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT><B>    T</b><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</b></FONT></div> <bR> <div> Visit the next page on this site for a more complete explanation of the combined gas law (or click here: </div> <div> <A HREF="id19.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Combined Gas Law: An InDepth Look"><U><B><U>The Combined Gas Law:  An In-Depth Look</U></b></U></A><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > )</FONT></div> <bR> <div>  </div> <div>                                              <embed src="HTMLobj-214/cowboots_1_.mp3" autostart="true" hidden="true">  </div> <div>       </div> </td> </tr></table></body>